渤海及北黄海河流悬浮颗粒碳氮同位素时空分布及源解析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

于靖  张华 《海洋科学》2017,41(5):93-102

选择流入渤海和北黄海的36条主要河流为研究对象,对比了平水期、丰水期和枯水期水体中悬浮颗粒物和河流表层沉积物的碳和氮稳定同位素的地球化学特征,并对颗粒物有机质碳和氮来源进行分析。结果表明,水体悬浮有机质碳同位素总体上表现为δ13C平水期δ13C丰水期δ13C枯水期的特点,δ15N值呈δ15N丰水期δ15N平水期δ15N枯水期的特点。渤海和北黄海的主要入海河流悬浮颗粒物有机质的来源具有明显的季节性差异,悬浮颗粒有机质碳平水期(春秋季)来源以C3植物、土壤有机质和水生藻类为主,丰水期(夏季)碳的各来源中浮游植物的贡献率明显增大,枯水期(冬季)则表现为陆源C3植物分解和水源性有机质的混合来源;悬浮颗粒态氮的来源与季节性降水量、生活污水、合成化肥及河流内源性水生植物密切相关。  相似文献   

山东荣成天鹅湖海草场大型底栖贝类时空分布研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘建影  李文涛  覃乐政  张秀梅 《海洋科学》2017,41(1):113-122

为了了解天鹅湖不同微生境条件下底栖贝类的群落结构及时空分布特征,于2013年12月至2014年11月,对天鹅湖矮大叶藻区、空白区、大叶藻区边缘及其内部的底栖贝类和环境特征进行了调查。共发现15种大型底栖贝类,隶属14科15属;贝类种类组成、分布密度、生物量以及物种多样性指数在4种生境中差异显著,但均无明显的季节变化。空白区域中贝类总密度和单位面积生物量最高,大叶藻区内部最低,但矮大叶藻区和大叶藻区内部多样性指数较高。大叶藻区内部的贝类以腹足类锈凹螺、日本月华螺、刺绣翼螺等刮食者为主,而双壳贝类则更倾向于选择无海草覆盖的空白区或者海草较为稀疏的草场边缘。综合分析表明,天鹅湖底栖贝类的分布和多样性受底质特征和海草覆盖影响最为显著,同时与水深密切相关。  相似文献   

Decadal variations in gravity caused by a tilt of the inner core     

Mathieu Dumberry 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,172(3):921-933

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近50年青藏高原东部降雪的时空演变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡豪然  梁玲 《地理学报》2014,69(7):1002-1012

选用1967-2012年青藏高原东部60个站点的观测资料,分析了该地区降雪的时空演变特征,并结合降水和气温的变化,探讨了降雪与积雪的关系,结果表明：青藏高原东部年降雪量在1.3~152.5 mm范围内变化,空间分布差异显著;秋季降雪表现出中间多、周边少的特征,冬季降雪表现出由东南向西北递减的特征,春季降雪最多且空间分布与年降雪基本一致;降雪可划分为青南高原区、藏北高原区、柴达木盆地区、青藏高原东南缘区、川西高原西北部区、青藏高原南缘区、青海东北部区及藏南谷地区;就青藏高原整体而言,除秋季外,整年、冬季和春季降雪均表现出“少—多—少”的年代际变化特征,其中冬季降雪在1986年发生了由少到多的突变,整年、冬季和春季降雪均在1997年发生了由多到少的突变;不同区域降雪的时间变化规律各具特点;降雪与积雪的关系十分密切,春季降雪受气温的影响最为显著,秋季次之,冬季最弱;20世纪末,春季降雪受气温升高的影响表现出与降水变化相反的由多到少的气候突变特征。  相似文献   

Earthquake response of arch dams to spatially varying ground motion     

Anil K. Chopra  Jin‐Ting Wang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(8):887-906

The response of two arch dams to spatially varying ground motions recorded during earthquakes is computed by a recently developed linear analysis procedure, which includes dam–water–foundation rock interaction effects and recognizes the semi‐unbounded extent of the rock and impounded water domains. By comparing the computed and recorded responses, several issues that arise in analysis of arch dams are investigated. It is also demonstrated that spatial variations in ground motion, typically ignored in engineering practice, can have profound influence on the earthquake‐induced stresses in the dam. This influence obviously depends on the degree to which ground motion varies spatially along the dam–rock interface. Thus, for the same dam, this influence could differ from one earthquake to the next, depending on the epicenter location and the focal depth of the earthquake relative to the dam site. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

东南印度洋各锋位置和走向的季节变化及其与风场变化的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

贺志刚  董兆乾  蒲书箴 《海洋学报》2007,29(2):18-24

利用剖面浮标的温盐观测资料和上层温度观测资料以及ECCO风应力数据研究了东南印度洋各主要海洋锋的位置、走向和风场的季节变化,并初步分析了亚热带锋(STF)和亚南极锋(SAF)的成锋机制.季节平均的夏季和冬季厄加勒斯锋(AF)分别可以延伸到80°E和82°E,AF在多数情况下可能与SAF和南亚热带锋(SSTF)汇合共同通过Kerguelen-Amsterdam Passage.在克尔盖伦海台以东海盆区,冬季SAF和PF的路径均比夏季偏南,在其他海域二者路径的季节差别不大.克尔盖伦海台以东的深海盆由北向南正负风应力旋度高值中心交替出现,且位置季节变化很小.85°~105°E之间零风应力旋度线位置冬季比夏季偏北.STF位于辐聚区,埃克曼抽吸导致的表层水辐聚可能是STF产生和维持的原因.SAF位置的季节南北摆动幅度小于风应力零旋度线的季节摆动幅度,夏季SAF位置略偏于风应力正旋度区,而冬季大多位于负旋度区,因此风应力旋度不是SAF形成的直接原因.  相似文献   

Statistical model on the surface elevation of waves with breaking     

YeLi Yuan  Feng Hua  ShuWen Zhang  Lei Han 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(5):759-768

In the surface wind drift layer with constant momentum flux, two sets of the consistent surface eleva- tion expressions with breaking and occurrence conditions for breaking are deduced from the first in- tegrals of the energy and vortex variations and the kinetic and mathematic breaking criterions, then the expression of the surface elevation with wave breaking is established by using the Heaviside function. On the basis of the form of the sea surface elevation with wave breaking and the understanding of small slope sea waves, a triple composite function of real sea waves is presented including the func- tions for the breaking, weak-nonlinear and basic waves. The expression of the triple composite func- tion and the normal distribution of basic waves are the expected theoretical model for surface elevation statistics.  相似文献   

Characteristics of water isotopes and hydrograph separation during the wet season in the Heishui River, China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Yuhong Liu  Ningjiang Fan  Shuqing An  Xiaohua Bai  Fude Liu  Zhen Xu  Zhongsheng Wang  Shirong Liu 《Journal of Hydrology》2008,353(3-4):314-321

Runoff generation and dynamics is an important issue in watershed and water resource management, but the mechanism in large scale is unclear and site-dependent. For this reason, spatial variations of δD and δ¹⁸O of river water and their sources within large-area of the Heishui Valley of the upper Yangtze River in western China were investigated during the wet season. A total 117 river water samples were collected at 13 sampling sites located at the junction of the principal river course and its tributaries. The results showed no spatial variations of either δD or δ¹⁸O values existed among tributary sampling sites A, B, E, F, H and I during the wet season, and significantly spatial variation occurred between tributary sampling sites A, B, E, F, H, I and site K; which indicated different proportions of rain entering river water should lead to spatial variation of water isotopes. The hydrograph separation analysis, based on the isotope data of river water, meltwater and rain water samples, showed the contribution of snow and glacier meltwater varied from 63.8% to 92.6%, and that of rain varied from 7.4% to 36.2%; which meant that snow and glacier meltwater was the main supplying water source of baseflow in the Heishui Valley. And the roles of glacier and snow meltwater should be significantly noticed in water resource management in this alpine valley at the rim of the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

西藏羊卓雍湖流域近45 年气温和降水的变化趋势   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杜军  胡军  唐述君  鲍建华  拉巴 《地理学报》2008,63(11):1160-1168

利用西藏羊卓雍湖流域气象、水文观测站1961-2005 年逐月的平均气温、降水量等资 料, 分析了近45 年流域气温、降水的年际和年代际变化特征和异常年份, 以及羊湖水位变化趋势及影响因子, 结果表明： 近45 年流域年平均气温以0.25 ^oC/10a 的速率显著升高, 增温主要表现在秋、冬季。近25 年, 流域平均降水量除冬季呈减少趋势外, 其他各季节表现为显 著的增加趋势, 增幅为11.4~30.0 mm/10a, 夏季增幅最大; 年降水量以54.2 mm/10a 的速率明显增加。20 世纪60 年代至90 年代, 除夏季外, 其他3 季表现为逐年代增温趋势。在夏季, 降水量除80 年代偏少外, 其他3 个年代偏多; 而冬季相反, 80 年代降水偏多, 其他3 个年代偏少。流域年平均气温异常偏高年出现过3 次, 且发生在20 世纪90 年代末至21 世纪初; 60 年代后期和70 年代初降水多异常年份。自1997 年发电以来, 降水量呈增加趋势, 流域平均降水量达409.7 mm, 明显高于平衡降水量, 水位呈较明显的上升趋势。降水增多、日照减少, 以及气温明显升高、冰雪融水增加是造成水位上升的主要原因。  相似文献   

渤海风驱-潮致Lagrange余流的数值模拟与季相时空变异     

李国胜  王海龙  李柏良 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(3):273-285

The spatial distribution and seasonal variation of the tide-induced Lagrangian Residual Circulations (LRC hereafter), wind-driven LRC, and the coupling dynamic characteristics were simulated using ECOM, given the Hellerman and Rosenstein global monthly-mean wind stresses. The results showed that the tide-induced LRC of the harmonic constituent M2 bears an identical pattern in four seasons in the Bohai Sea: the surface one is weak with random directions; however, there exist a southeast current from the Bohai Strait to the Laizhou bay, and a weakly anticlockwise gyre in the south of the Bohai Strait for the bottom layer LRC. The magnitude of bottom layer tide-induced LRC is larger than the surface one, and moreover, it contributes significantly to the whole LRC in the Bohai Sea. Unlike the identical structure of the tide-induced LRC, the wind driven LRC varies seasonally under the prevailing monsoon. It forms a distinct gyre under the summer and winter monsoons in July and January respectively, but it seems weak and non-directional in April and September.  相似文献